Quiz 6 – The Ethics of war and the contemporary issue of Suicide bombings

By Firzana Malik / 25/10/2024

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Question 1 of 6

1. Question
In the hanafi school a shahid includes one whose own sword mistakenly comes back onto them resulting in their own death during battle
- True
- False
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Question 2 of 6

2. Question
Any group, including non-state actors, can declare war as long as it is against a well defined enemy, non-combatants are not targeted and indiscriminate weapons are not used
- True
- False
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Question 3 of 6

3. Question
The Quranic verse “Do not think of those who have been killed in the cause of God as dead, they are alive with their Lord, being given provision” [3:69] is a definitive proof for the permissibility of suicide bombings as long as the individual sacrifices their life for God
- True
- False
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Question 4 of 6

4. Question
A proof by those who say suicide bombings are permitted is the Quranic story of the people of the trenches in which a king was trying unsuccessfully to kill a boy. The boy then informed the king that to kill him the king would have to start by saying ‘ in the name of God…’. What is the view of the majority of sunni scholars regarding this ?
- As the boy informed king how to kill him, suicide bombing is permitted as the story shows sacrificing one's life for one's faith is permitted
- By using analogy suicide bombing is permitted, but only against military targets
- Suicide is where one kills themselves, as the boy didn't kill himself but was killed by the king this is not suicide. Therefore, this story if not applicable to the issue of suicide bombings
- By analogy suicide bombing is permitted, but only when sanctioned by legtimate leadership, as the king was the legitimate leader in this story
- By analogy, as the boy was not a soldier but a civilian, suicide bombing is only permitted as a last resort by civilians when they do not access to, or training with, conventional military weapons
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Question 5 of 6

5. Question
A proof by those who say suicide bombings are permitted are hadith where it is regarded as commendable for an individual who throws ‘caution to the wind’, often taking off their armour, attacking and immersing himself in a larger enemy army until they were killed. What is the view of the majority of sunni scholars regarding this ?
- As in such a situation the individual almost certainly knows this will lead to their own death, this provides evidence that suicide bombings are permitted
- In the hadith the individual is killed by the enemy and suicide is where one kills themselves. However, this does not change the verdict that both are permissible as actions are based on intention, as long as the intention is to kill enemy forces.
- By using the principle of 'blocking the means to harm', if the death of a suicide bomber will save the lives of a larger number of civilians from being killed by enemy forces, then suicide bombing is permitted in these circumstances
- In these hadith the individual is not taking their own life but is killed by the enemy, whereas suicide is where one kills themselves. Taking off one's armour allows better movement in battle and is not akin to strapping explosives to oneself which directly causes one's own death by one's own action. Therefore, this hadith can not be used as an analogy for suicide bombings on both points
- 'Actions are by intentions', by calling such operations 'martyrdom operations' rather than 'suicide bombing', the intention becomes one of martyrdom rather than suicide. Therefore, such operations are permitted.
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Question 6 of 6

6. Question
One of the philosophical arguments for the permissibility of suicide bombing is that the individual carrying out the act is not intending their own suicide, but is aiming to weaken the enemy and hopes by God’s mercy that they will be spared the act causing their own death by a divine miracle. Which of the following is the most correct answer of the view of the majority of sunni scholars regarding this point ?
- This view is accepted by the majority of scholars, muslims should always have faith and trust in God, therefore in this case the individual hopes they will be spared death by a miracle/karamat from God
- This view is rejected because muslims only take rulings from Quran and sunnah and not from philosophical arguments
- This view is agreed upon by the majority of scholars because of the maxim 'action are by intentions'. The intention of weakening enemy forces and hoping to be spared death themselves overrides the expected death of the individual from natural laws when they carry out the act.
- This view is rejected because any act is attributed to whoever performs it and intentions are not judged independently from the laws of nature
- This view is accepted because the individual is not committing suicide in the same way as other people commit suicide. In the latter case suicide is usually done out of an act of despair wanting to end one's life, however, in suicide bombing one is sacrifice one's life for a higher cause. The intention between the 2 types of 'suicides' is different hence the legal ruling also differs
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